{"id":580321,"date":"2022-08-29t12:28:48","date_gmt":"2022-08-29t16:28:48","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/?p=580321"},"modified":"2023-03-08t05:00:59","modified_gmt":"2023-03-08t10:00:59","slug":"ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/","title":{"rendered":"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"jump-link-container\" style=\"padding: 20px 0px;font-size:1.05em;line-height: 30px\">    <a href=\"#jump-overview\"><strong>overview<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#jump-2022足球世界杯德国队分组
\"><strong>2022足球世界杯德国队分组
<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#jump-other-rc-products\"><strong>other rc products<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#jump-claims\"><strong>claims<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#jump-ingredients\"><strong>ingredients<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#jump-research\"><strong>research<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#jump-side-effects\"><strong>side effects<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#jump-where-to-buy\"><strong>where to buy<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#jump-pros-and-cons\"><strong>pros and cons<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#jump-bottom-line\"><strong>bottom line<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#aaa; padding: 0px 5px;\">|<\/span> <a href=\"#questions-and-answers\"><strong>q&amp;a<\/strong><\/a><\/div><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if you are a bodybuilding fan, you\u2019re familiar with eight-time mr. olympia ronnie coleman. or, you might have caught a ronnie coleman yeah buddy gif. either way, his famous catchphrase has transformed into the ronnie coleman yeah buddy supplement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yeah buddy by ronnie coleman is a pre-workout powder that\u2019s supposed to energize you without the crash. does the product match the hype? let&#8217;s look into who is behind it, what is inside, and search peer-reviewed articles to find an answer.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-overview\">overview<\/div><h2><b>what is ronnie coleman yeah buddy pre-workout?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yeah buddy is a pre-workout energy powder giving you laser focus, increased lifting power, and extreme energy to crush your workouts, or so they claim. you add one scoop to 6-8 ounces of water 30 minutes before a workout, but what are the possible results?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1186\/s12970-018-0247-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">journal of the international society of sports nutrition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: this pre-workout is supposed to make you feel like ronnie coleman saying yeah buddy. a 2018 review article looked into multi-ingredient pre-workouts, noting these supplements improve various types of exercise performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/3\/1\/11\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">journal of functional morphology and kinesiology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: a 2018 study looked at a pre-workouts effect on upper and lower body tasks. it concluded there was a positive effect on the power maintenance of the bench press compared to a placebo.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.wku.edu\/ijes\/vol15\/iss6\/6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">international journal of exercise science<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: another publication studied a pre-workout supplement&#8217;s effect on anaerobic power output and fatigue. it concludes that acute ingestion of these supplements improves anaerobic power output and reduces muscle fatigue in the test subjects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-2022足球世界杯德国队分组
\">2022足球世界杯德国队分组
<\/div><h2><b>who is behind ronnie coleman yeah buddy?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ronnie coleman signature series started in 2011 with its headquarters in lake mary, florida. mr. coleman is best known as an eight-time mr. olympia (winning consecutively between 1998 and 2005). before starting signature series, mr. coleman owned big ron inc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 has an unclaimed profile on trustpilot with a trustscore of 3.5-stars. we did not find profiles on other customer review sites like yelp. those interested in 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 performance will find profiles on business websites like linkedin or datanyze.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 is listed as rcba nutraceuticals, llc. on the better business bureau (bbb) website. the business file opened on 07\/11\/2013, with a current a+ rating and no bbb accreditation. a single customer complaint is listed as resolved over the last three years (0 coming in the previous 12 months).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if you want to contact the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
, try these:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">call toll-free at (888) 854-3316, mon &#8211; fri 9:00 am to 5:00 pm est.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">email the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 at customerservice@ronniecoleman.net.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use the live chat with us app at the bottom of the contact us page.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 headquarters<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">635 century pt suite 111<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lake mary, florida 32746<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-other-rc-products\">other rc products<\/div><h2><b>does ronnie sell anything besides the yeah buddy pre?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he does. the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 also offers aminos &amp; bcaas, fat burners, intra\/post workouts, proteins &amp; weight gainers, and daily essentials. you can also grab a ronnie coleman yeah buddy t-shirt or other clothing items from the king of olympians apparel section.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">we were surprised the ronnie coleman yeah buddy book is unavailable on the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 website.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-claims\">claims<\/div><h2><b>what does the manufacturer claim about yeah buddy pre?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ronnie coleman signature series claims this pre-workout provides extreme energy with no crash. it is supposed to feel clean, enhance performance, give laser focus, and endurance that lasts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the product gets decent ratings off-site (amazon&#8217;s global rating is 4.1, with higher ratings from fewer entries on-site and places like gnc). positive feedback focuses on the energy it provides. negative feedback highlights the high caffeine dose and some complaints about the powder clumping.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-ingredients\">ingredients<\/div><h2><b>what are the rc yeah buddy ingredients?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this pre-workout energy powder contains these active ingredients:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l-citrulline 4000 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beta-alanine 2000 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">choline bitartrate 550 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sustained release caffeine blend 420 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">advantra z citrus aurantium fruit extract 200 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theacrine 100 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">methylliberine 100 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adhatoda vasica 50 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-research\">research<\/div><h2><b>what does research say about yeah buddy ingredients?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yeah buddy contains 4000 mg of l-citrulline malate to help crush your workouts with increased blood flow (pump) by converting to l-arginine.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/7\/921\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nutrients<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> looked into the effects of l-citrulline supplementation in 2018, stating that l-citrulline effectively induces l-arginine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">another component in every serving of yeah buddy is the 2000 mg of beta-alanine. according to the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-013-2767-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">european journal of applied physiology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, beta-alanine positively affects exercise metabolism and psychological parameters during intense training in test subjects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">could the 550 mg of choline bitartrate in yeah buddy improve brain function? in 2017,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/s0091305716301721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pharmacology biochemistry and behavior<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published studies on rat models and choline supplementation. evidence suggests chronic choline intake at adequate doses improved brain function in rodent models.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jissn.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12970-019-0287-6?crsi=6624964158&amp;cicada_org_src=healthwebmagazine.com&amp;cicada_org_mdm=direct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">journal of the international society of sports nutrition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> performed a study using teacrine (found in yeah buddy) and caffeine in soccer players. the results show that teacrine benefits endurance and provides more cognitive function benefits when combined with caffeine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">each serving of yeah buddy contains 420 mg of a sustained release caffeine blend. a 2019 article in<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01101-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sports medicine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> notes caffeine is a well-replicated performance-enhancing supplement, with beneficial effects established at the meta-analysis level.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.04.21.440794v1.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">biorxiv<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> studied the effects of combining teacrine, dynamine, and caffeine (cmt) on gamers. it concluded that acute cmt supplementation improved cognitive and motor abilities in test subjects. yeah buddy includes all three ingredients.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-side-effects\">side effects<\/div><h2><b>what are the potential yeah buddy side effects?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">you&#8217;re likely aware that any supplement can cause allergic reactions, drug interactions, or other side effects in some people. the side effects you will most likely experience (if any) using this supplement will be stimulant-related.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">caffeine side effects can include dependency, dehydration, dizziness, fast heart rate, headaches, difficulty sleeping, restlessness, and shakiness.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/s2214750018303275\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">toxicology reports<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reviewed side effects and possible mechanisms for them in 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-where-to-buy\">where to buy<\/div><h2><b>where can you buy yeah buddy pre?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">you can get a 30-serving container in cherry limeaid, strawberry lemonade, sourberry, green apple, strawberry kiwi, or mango pineapple through sources like:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 website &#8211; $32.99<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">amazon marketplace &#8211; $32.99<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gnc &#8211; $34.99<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">muscle and strength &#8211; $49.99<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-pros-and-cons\">pros and cons<\/div><h2><b>the pros and cons of taking rc yeah buddy<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>pros<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this formula appears to provide plenty of energy for your workouts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">you have six flavors of yeah buddy to choose from<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the supplemental energy comes from more than just the caffeine blends<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>cons<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">those not used to high-stimulant formulas might feel jittery or anxious when using this product<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this pre-workout blend focuses heavily on energy for lifting power and less so on other benefits<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the 420 mg of caffeine per serving does exceed the 400 mg daily limit set by several health publications<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"text-muted text-uppercase jump-target\" style=\"margin-bottom: -30px;margin-top: 40px;font-size: 0.85em; color: #aaa\" id=\"jump-bottom-line\">bottom line<\/div><h2><b>what\u2019s the bottom line on ronnie coleman yeah buddy?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if you want to feel like ronnie coleman saying yeah buddy, then this is the supplement to get you there. it provides plenty of stimulation for an intense workout. the no crash claim is possible because of the sustained release formula, but it might leave one frazzled from the higher-stimulant dose. it is a product intended for gym-goers needing to push the envelope and not so much for newbies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if you\u2019re working out to lose weight, we suggest signing up with <a href=\"https:\/\/noom.8utb.net\/c\/1720052\/500038\/8591\"><strong>noom<\/strong><\/a>. the weight loss program was designed by doctors with a focus on the psychology behind losing weight and you\u2019re never alone! users are partnered with coaches and peer groups for seamless support.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">try today with noom\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/noom.8utb.net\/c\/1720052\/500038\/8591\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>free trial offer<\/strong><\/a>!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>overview | 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 | other rc products | claims | ingredients | research | side effects | where to buy &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":580322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,14881,213,118,102],"tags":[],"acf":{"youtube_video_id":"","jump_links":[{"name":"overview","element":"h2","element_number":"1"},{"name":"2022足球世界杯德国队分组
","element":"h2","element_number":"2"},{"name":"other rc products","element":"h2","element_number":"3"},{"name":"claims","element":"h2","element_number":"4"},{"name":"ingredients","element":"h2","element_number":"5"},{"name":"research","element":"h2","element_number":"6"},{"name":"side effects","element":"h2","element_number":"7"},{"name":"where to buy","element":"h2","element_number":"8"},{"name":"pros and cons","element":"h2","element_number":"9"},{"name":"bottom line","element":"h2","element_number":"10"}],"price":"","delivery_method":"n\/a","product_website":"https:\/\/ronniecoleman.net\/products\/yeah-buddy-suppliment","amazon_url":"","gnc_url":"","is_mlm":false,"has_sample":false,"has_testimonials":false,"has_money_back_guarantee":false,"has_parent_2022足球世界杯德国队分组
":false,"has_bbb_listing":false,"mfg_country":"not sure","year_introduced":"","is_active":true,"where_to_buy":false,"competitors":[{"product":{"id":578429,"post_author":"29","post_date":"2022-03-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-03-09 20:40:59","post_content":"introducing beam. a pre-workout from a 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 that claims you can \"be amazing.\" we've been around the block a time or two and from our initial look it seems this formula is nothing special. all the popular ingredients are there in the expected amounts. what we needed to find out was why the customer should choose beam over other options.\r\n\r\nfor that we turned to our researchers. they dug through the information about the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 behind beam pre-workout, the claims, ingredients, side effects, research studies and more. check out the bottom line on what we found while learning everything about beam.\r\n<h2><b>what is beam pre-workout?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/what-is-beam-pre-workout-1024x535.jpg\" alt=\"what is beam pre-workout\" width=\"1024\" height=\"535\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">athletes of all skill levels hope that a pre-workout can increase their stamina, energy levels and improve focus during training sessions. beam pre-workout claims to offer these potential benefits with a formula that uses all-natural caffeine while being color\/dye-free, gluten-free, soy-free, and vegan-friendly.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beam's pre-workout comes in five flavors (mango lime, pink lemonade, rainbow candy, sour blue gummy, and watermelon candy) sold in 40 scoop containers.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30298476\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sports medicine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> - a 2019 paper on the influence of caffeine supplementation suggests that current evidence supports the idea that caffeine increases maximal strength and muscular endurance. beam pre-workout adding caffeine in its drink mix formula could help those looking to build strength.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31682459\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nutricion hospitalaria<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> - in 2019, a review of 38 studies attempted to establish evidence between the use of l-arginine of l-citrulline and physical performance. that review concluded that l-citrulline showed higher positive effects than l-arginine. beam pre-workout contains 2,500 mg of l-citrulline in each scoop.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30992707\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">journal of exercise science and fitness<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> - grape seed extract use reduced recovery time in healthy university students. the controlled clinical trial highlights potential benefits as a supplement, especially for those starting an exercise program. beam's formula contains 100 mg of grape seed extract per scoop.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>who makes beam pre-workout?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beam gets its name from the acronym for \"be amazing,\" a phrase used as part of co-founder michael yewdell's health treatment. the inspiration for the product line came after michael's third round of treatment (and subsequent remission) in 2019. michael (chief sales officer) co-founded \"beam be amazing\" with tarun p. singh (chief marketing officer).<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>customer service and reviews<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beam's pre-workout ratings are 3.9 out of 5 stars on amazon. taste and low caffeine levels are mentioned by several of the three-star ratings.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">campus protein has product ratings of 4.9 stars out of 5. there are only four reviews on campus protein's webpage, and research indicates that it is owned by the founders of \"beam be amazing.\"<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">you can contact the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 on its website (hi@youcanbeam.com), a customer complaint email address (hello@youcanbeam.com), and a mailing address (you can beam, llc, 144 e. 44th st, lower level, new york ny 10017, united states).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beam also has a facebook page, instagram account, and youtube page.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>the relationship with the better business bureau<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/relationship-with-the-better-business-bureau-1024x535.jpg\" alt=\"relationship with the better business bureau\" width=\"1024\" height=\"535\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">our research did not find a better business bureau (bbb) listing for beam, beam be amazing, michael yewdell, or tarun p. singh.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a lack of a bbb profile prevents them from being listed as accredited, and there are no customer reviews or complaints on record.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>what beam pre-workout claims did we find?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beam pre-workout claims to provide users with natural energy for their workouts. that energy comes from all-natural caffeine and other ingredients with no artificial colors\/dyes. its label states it is gluten-free, soy-free, and vegan-friendly.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>what are the beam pre-workout ingredients?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the list below does not name every component in this drink mix, but this beam pre-workout review would be lacking if the top 10 ingredients were not listed. each scoop contains:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l-citrulline 2,500mg<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carnosyn beta alanine 1,600mg*<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">betaine anhydrous 1,500mg<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taurine 1,000mg<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l-tyrosine 1,000mg<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ksm-66 ashwagandha root extract 150mg*<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vitamin c (as ascorbic acid) 135mg**<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">caffeine (from coffeeberry whole coffee fruit extract and green coffee beans) 125mg*<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cocoa bean (theobroma cacao l.) seed extract 125mg<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">grape seed extract 100mg<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* carnosyn, ksm-66, and coffeeberry are \u00ae registered trademarks.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">** vitamin c is the only top-10 ingredient by volume with a set dv (daily value) percentage from the fda, with each scoop of beam pre-workout supplying 135-percent dv.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>does beam pre-workout work? benefits<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/does-beam-pre-workout-work-benefits-1024x535.jpg\" alt=\"does beam pre-workout work benefits\" width=\"1024\" height=\"535\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">most exercise drink mix formulas include l-citrulline to improve blood flow throughout the body. it is the top ingredient in beam's pre-workout by volume at 2,500mg in each scoop.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the organic compound boosts the production of nitric oxide (no), which relaxes the arteries to create better circulation capacity. a study reviewed in<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34684312\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nutrients<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> confirms that l-citrulline increases the bioavailability of no. it did not improve the respiratory performance of participants or their muscle tissue's ability to use extra oxygen, however.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">there is 1,600mg of beta-alanine (listed under the registered trademark name of carnosyn beta alanine) per scoop of beam pre-workout. it is used in pre-workouts to decrease muscle fatigue, allowing someone to exercise longer.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22777329\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">current sports medicine reports<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have highlighted studies backing this claim, especially in subjects performing high-intensity exercises in short bursts.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the beam pre-workout adds 1,500mg of betaine anhydrous per scoop of powder. it is supposed to increase power, improve hydration, and support protein synthesis. your organs are put under constant strain as you look to muscle mass and overall weight during bulking cycles.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in a study reviewed in the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00249.2009?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&amp;url_ver=z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori%3arid%3acrossref.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">american journal of physiology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mice with fatty liver were given betaine supplementation, with results indicating a reduction in severity. that could keep an athlete's liver functioning efficiently, helping to maintain optimal protein transformation from amino acids.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taurine is added to many pre-workout drink mix formulas to increase stamina and exercise performance. beam pre-workout is no exception, including 1,000mg per scoop.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31482309\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">amino acids<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> number 51 (2019), a study highlights subjects supplementing with taurine and a placebo group. the participants taking taurine exercised longer before reaching exhaustion.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l-tyrosine is used in pre-workout products to help boost energy and increase endurance. there is 1,000mg of tyrosine in each scoop of beam pre-workout, but it may not provide the increase in performance customers desire.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00625.2001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">journal of applied physiology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reviewed a study demonstrating no improved performance with cyclists using l-tyrosine, carbohydrates, or a combination of both. it did not highlight how tyrosine worked when combined with other ingredients found in this pre-workout.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>what about beam pre-workout and weight loss?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beam pre-workout is a supplement to build strength and improve focus during training. it is not a weight-loss supplement.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21951331\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">obesity reviews<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> notes that several of the ingredients found in the beam pre-workout are part of formulas used in \"fat burner\" products. the authors note that several studies indicate caffeine's positive effects on metabolism and taurine's increase in fat oxidation during cycling. both ingredients are in beam's formula.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>are there potential beam pre-workout side effects?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/are-there-potential-beam-pre-workout-side-effects-1024x535.jpg\" alt=\"are there potential beam pre-workout side effects\" width=\"1024\" height=\"535\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beam claims no side effects when using its supplements because they use quality ingredients in their vegan-friendly formulas.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/1\/31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nutrients<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> highlights a connection between caffeine consumption and jitteriness in adolescents with disrupted sleep. there is 125mg of all-natural caffeine in each scoop of beam pre-workout.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">citrulline is the top ingredient in beam's formula, but it is worth noting that the boost in blood flow intended to increase stamina can also cause headaches in some people.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>how to take: directions<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to use beam pre-workout, you mix one or two scoops of powder with eight ounces of water. stir or shake until the powder is dissolved, then drink.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the manufacturer lists no timeframe between taking the supplement and training sessions. there is no indication for how many times in 24 hours it is safe to use the pre-workout.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>can i take beam pre-workout with\u2026<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">all dietary supplements, including the formula in this beam pre-workout review, are not approved or regulated by the food and drug administration (fda). that means you need to speak with your primary care physician (pcp) before taking any supplement, especially if you are on any medications or using other dietary supplements.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>where to buy beam pre-workout and the cost<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/where-to-buy-beam-pre-workout-and-the-cost-1024x535.jpg\" alt=\"where to buy beam pre-workout and the cost\" width=\"1024\" height=\"535\" \/>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beam website: $45.99\/$41.39 with subscription<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">amazon beam storefront: $45.99<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">campus protein: $44.99<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>can you cancel my beam pre-workout subscription?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">our website functions as a source of information and research data on supplements, like the beam pre-workout review you are reading. we can not cancel your subscription. you need to contact the retailer offering the subscription.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>the pros and cons<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<h4><b>pros<\/b><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">no animal products make it vegan-friendly<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">all-natural caffeine using coffee fruit extract and green coffee beans<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taurine may increase exercise duration before exhaustion<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><b>cons<\/b><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">new 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 with minimal customer feedback or product reviews<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contains a standard formula at a medium price point<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>what\u2019s the bottom line on beam pre-workout?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a lack of 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 history, high-profile supporters, and scarce feedback makes it harder to judge customer feedback accurately. 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 ownership appears to be focused on a college-aged customer base, as surmised by their investment in the campus protein online distribution. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the beam pre-workout offers casual users a one-scoop dose that may increase productivity, improve focus, and build strength. its formula allows a two-scoop dosage for those wanting more.<\/span>\r\n\r\nworking out is part of maintaining a healthy body. not only do workouts help burn calories, but they improve bone strength, mood and more. we believe people who want to lose weight for good should try a lifestyle program that's trusted and proven effective. the best we've found is called [promoted_product_link]. this isn't a diet where you're given instructions and left to your own vices. no, users are partnered with wellness coaches and dedicated support groups to keep morale up so you lose more weight.\r\n\r\nthe program is based on psychology, so you'll find lessons and quizzes to educate you on better choices. don't take our word for it, the cdc recognizes [promoted_product_name] as a healthy lifestyle program. check it out with a [promoted_product_offer_link] today. you have nothing to lose but the weight!","post_title":"beam pre-workout review","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"beam-pre-workout-review","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-03 07:54:24","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-03 12:54:24","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/?p=578429","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}},{"product":{"id":578350,"post_author":"29","post_date":"2022-02-24 12:33:09","post_date_gmt":"2022-02-24 17:33:09","post_content":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bucked up pre-workout - is this a new and exciting supplement, or just another remake of all the pre-workouts available today? our researchers chose to dig through every bit of information they could find on the brand, the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 behind the brand and even research into the most common ingredients.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">what did the research team find? will this pre-workout play a difference in your muscle growth, muscle recovery or weight loss? check out the bottom line to find out.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>what is bucked up pre-workout?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/what-is-bucked-up-pre-workout.jpg\" alt=\"what is bucked up pre-workout\" width=\"1200\" height=\"627\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bucked up pre-workout is a thermogenic energizer that claims to provide you with more strength and focus. bucked up pre-workout flavors include blue raz, blood raz, watermelon, killa oj, merica rocket pop, blue snowcone, red snowcone, and more. it is sold in most nutrition stores including gnc and nutrishop.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bucked up pre-workout has 30 servings in each container with a scoop to help identify a single serving. each serving is meant to be taken by serious athletes who want a great bodybuilding workout.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">let\u2019s start with a little science behind some main ingredients.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agro.icm.edu.pl\/agro\/element\/bwmeta1.element.agro-380235e8-ca2a-4e1d-a46a-53758d5f5476\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">central european journal of sports sciences and medicine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> - though research into deer antler velvet supplementation is rare, this study found that, when taken alongside resistance training, the ingredient may help increase vo2max and strength while reducing body fat and ldl-c.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nsca-jscr\/fulltext\/2015\/03000\/effects_of_supplemental_citrulline_malate.29.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the journal of strength and conditioning research<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> - bucked up pre-workout states that the first ingredient is citrulline malate, which they claim is used to maximize blood flow. studies show that this claim is in fact, false. however, while citrulline malate didn't show any signs of increased blood flow, it did show signs of decreasing fatigue. with this decreased fatigue, consumers can do more pumps over a longer period of time.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/s0899900710002510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nutrition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> - bucked up pre-workout has caffeine as one of its ingredients. while caffeine is known to be a great stimulant, that isn't the only benefit it provides. some study samples show that when taking caffeine in appropriate doses one can see an increase in reactions, ability to focus, and enhanced motor performance including many other benefits. bucked up pre-workout does have 200mg of caffeine per serving.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>who makes bucked up pre-workout?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 that manages bucked up pre-workout is das labs llc. das labs llc is a 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 that was started in december 2015. it is located in utah and the business manager is mr. ryan gardner.<\/span>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bucked up pre-workout reviews and customer service<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if you need to reach bucked up pre-workout customer service, you can call or text 1-855-205-2825, chat with a representative online or email customerservice@buckedup.com.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as for das labs, you can call 1-801-358-3572 or write to:<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">313 s 740 e ste 4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\r\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">american fork, ut 84003-3534<\/span>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the relationship between bucked up pre-workout and the better business bureau<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">das labs llc is rated with an a+ by the better business bureau (bbb). das labs llc is the 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 that manages bucked up pre-workout. they are not accredited with the bbb and only have one customer review. the reviewer who goes by the name ryan h. gave them a one-star review.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>what bucked up pre-workout claims did we find?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bucked up pre-workout claims to include plenty of both natural and artificial ingredients to help boost performance and muscle growth, maximize blood flow, and increase overall pump and strength.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>what are the bucked up pre-workout ingredients?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bucked-up-pre-workout-ingredients.jpg\" alt=\"bucked up pre-workout ingredients\" width=\"1200\" height=\"627\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the top four bucked up pre-workout ingredients are as follows:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">citrulline malate<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carnosyn<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">caffeine<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taurine<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>does bucked up pre-workout work? benefits<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<h3><b>citrulline<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">citrulline malate is an amino acid that can help boost your body\u2019s nitric oxide levels. nitric oxide is a powerful vasodilator that can change the size of your blood vessels to make sure your muscles get enough oxygen and nutrients and send back less waste.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bucked up pre-workout uses 6000mg of citrulline malate as one of its key ingredients. it is the main nitric oxide booster that has been shown to lessen fatigue and help acrobatic performance, according to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/36\/4\/282.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">british journal of sports medicine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\r\n<h3><b>carnosyn<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increasing muscle carnosine concentration and improving exercise performance are often two of the most important objectives for anyone looking to improve their fitness. in order to do this, a person must consume a diet that is high in beta-alanine, the amino acid that is the building block for carnosine.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carnosine is what allows muscle cells to buffer hydrogen ions, which can lead to fatigue during intense exercise. a study was conducted that showed carnosine can increase muscle carnosine concentration and improve exercise performance, says research in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1096\/fasebj.23.1_supplement.599.4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">faseb journal<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\r\n<h3><b>caffeine<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">many people drink caffeine each day as a way to stay awake and boost their energy. the positive effects of caffeine on human health, however, are not always clear. however, there are some studies that show that caffeine can have numerous health benefits. although many people enjoy the feeling that it brings, it is also important to know how this chemical impacts the body when taking a<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">certain amount, according to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/0265203021000007840\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">food additives and contaminants.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bucked up pre-workout contains 200mg per serving with the upper limit of daily intake around 400mg (from all sources) this leaves some room for an increase in caffeine in your routine, if needed.<\/span>\r\n<h3><b>taurine<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taurine is an essential amino acid that fights free radicals and is considered to be a powerful antioxidant. numerous studies have shown that taurine can protect the heart from oxidative stress, promote healthy blood pressure levels, regulate energy levels and metabolism, as well as reduce fatigue.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taurine is necessary for a variety of functions, namely heartbeat regulation, eye function, and the redistribution of waste materials around the body, says <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc3501277\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">molecular vision<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. it also helps with detoxification, bile production, and digestion regulation.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>what about bucked up pre-workout and weight loss?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bucked-up-pre-workout-weight-loss.jpg\" alt=\"bucked up pre-workout and weight loss\" width=\"1200\" height=\"627\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">there are no studies showing that bucked up pre-workout directly causes weight loss, but what about the ingredients? the ingredient in this formula that\u2019s most likely to help a user lose weight is caffeine. let\u2019s examine a few studies.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">according to research published in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09637486.2017.1320537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">international journal of food sciences and nutrition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u201ccaffeine ingested 0.5\u20134\u2009h before a meal may suppress acute energy intake.\u201d so, consuming caffeine before eating helped participants eat fewer calories.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">research in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10408398.2018.1507996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">critical reviews in food science and nutrition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> goes on to report, \u201ccaffeine intake might promote weight, bmi and body fat reduction.\u201d<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">additional research published in the journal <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc7760526\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nutrients <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">also shows that caffeine can increase the amount of fat oxidized during activity. the oxidation rates were higher in sedentary individuals than in people who exercised regularly.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>are there potential bucked up pre-workout side effects?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bucked up pre-workout side effects include those inflicted by caffeine. caffeine is a stimulant that can cause more frequent urination, nausea, and increased heart rate. it also causes trouble with sleep when consumed in the evening hours.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">frequent urination<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nausea<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increased heart rate<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increased blood pressure<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">difficulty falling or staying asleep<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>how to take bucked up pre-workout: directions<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">one bucked up pre-workout container has 30 servings. it is recommended that you take one serving 15-30 minutes before you start your workout dissolved in 6-8oz of water.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>can i take bucked up pre-workout with\u2026<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">supplements are not regulated or approved by the fda, which means they shouldn\u2019t be used if you have any medical conditions or in conjunction with your medications. consult with your healthcare provider before you start a supplement regimen to make sure it will not interfere with any medications or medical conditions.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>where to buy bucked up pre-workout and the cost<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/where-to-buy-bucked-up-pre-workout-and-cost.jpg\" alt=\"where to buy bucked up pre-workout and the cost\" width=\"1200\" height=\"627\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the vitamin shoppe is a store that sells a wide variety of supplements, vitamins, and health products. they have many products in their inventory, including pre-workouts. the cost of the pre-workout here is $50.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">both sportsman's warehouse and nutrishop have a large selection of products, including pre-workouts. the cost of the pre-workout there is $43.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on the official bucked up website and gnc, the cost of the product is $50.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>can you cancel my subscription?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">we are not able to cancel your subscription. we help people find out more about supplements like bucked up pre-workout; check with the retailer where you purchased your subscription to take care of canceling.<\/span>\r\n<h2><b>the pros and cons<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pros<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increased energy<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">easy to use<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">several ingredients shown in research to help muscle growth and development<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cons<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">higher price<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">too much caffeine for some people<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">possible side effects<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">should not be consumed without consulting a healthcare provider<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>what\u2019s the bottom line on bucked up pre-workout?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is bucked up a good pre-workout? for the most part, it\u2019s fine. bucked up pre-workout has flavors that are praised by most reviews, which is quite the accomplishment in supplements. it is meant to be used by serious athletes to boost performance. the trouble is that caffeine is the main ingredient that could help with weight loss, but 200mg may be too much for the average person.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">when you\u2019re ready to lose weight for the last time, we suggest a program like [promoted_product_link]. this weight-loss plan has been recognized by the cdc as a healthy lifestyle program. each user has access to a private coach and a dedicated support group. there are daily lessons and quizzes, plus tons of information on how psychology plays a major role in losing weight.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[promoted_product_name] is a lifestyle program, so it works to help you change your lifestyle to a healthy version, which naturally promotes weight loss. take it for a spin today with a [promoted_product_offer_link].<\/span>","post_title":"bucked up pre-workout review","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bucked-up-pre-workout-review","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-14 05:10:20","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-14 09:10:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/?p=578350","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}},{"product":{"id":522028,"post_author":"29","post_date":"2018-05-23 17:59:10","post_date_gmt":"2018-05-23 21:59:10","post_content":"ghost legend pre-workout claims to help you feel like a legend whenever you need it the most by offering premium pump ingredients. impressive, but is the main ingredient offering the \"pump\" the 250mg of caffeine?\r\n\r\nour research team got to work, focusing first on the benefits of the ingredients, while learning about the potential side effects. next, we turned our attention to the research supporting the claims and effectiveness of the ingredients. finally, we gathered the facts to give you the bottom line.\r\n<h2><b>what is ghost legend pre-workout?<\/b><\/h2>\r\nghost legend is a pre-workout powder supplement that aims to improve energy levels, focus, and muscle pumps. it offers a blend of 11 different ingredients and is intended to help with sports, work, studying, fitness, and even partying. does science have anything to say about these ingredients? we'll dig deep into research in a bit, but let's take a quick look to start.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc6042354\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>journal of the international society of sports nutrition<\/em><\/a> - a form of beta-alanine that is often used in sports supplements and muscle building products. it is a non-essential amino acid and a building block of protein. it acts as a buffering agent to promote optimal ph levels in the muscles, and also provides antioxidant benefits. also, it may help boost exercise performance and increase lean muscle mass.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17927294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cns drugs<\/a><\/em> - agmatine sulfate is a metabolite of l-arginine (an amino acid) and may offer some cognitive health benefits. some studies have also shown that it may help alleviate neuropathic pain<em>.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc5780626\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">excli journal<\/a> - olea europaea<\/em>\u00a0is a plant ingredient that is sometimes used to improve brain function, boost cardiovascular health and reduce bad cholesterol levels, as per the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26328503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">phytotherapy research<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>ghost legend product line &amp; flavors<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>blue raspberry<\/li>\r\n \t<li>warheads sour black cherry<\/li>\r\n \t<li>warheads sour watermelon<\/li>\r\n \t<li>sonic cherry limeade<\/li>\r\n \t<li>welch's grape<\/li>\r\n \t<li>sour patch kids redberry<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>how did ghost legend pre-workout start?<\/b><\/h2>\r\nghost legend got started with the idea that a supplement could \u201cpower legendary in all forms.\u201d this essentially means that it can be beneficial as a pre-workout product for fitness and sports and help with working, studying, and partying. this way, you get the maximum benefits\/results out of all the things you do. products by ghost, llc include ghost whey, ghost vegan, ghost burn, ghost gamer x bubblicious, ghost greens, ghost gamer, ghost glow, ghost amino, ghost stick, ghost apparel, and ghost gear.\r\n<h3><b>ghost lifestyle and christian guzman<\/b><\/h3>\r\nchristian guzman is considered a ghost lifestyle ambassador. he endorses ghost legend pre-workout powder and is a fitness model, amateur bodybuilder, youtube vlogger, motivator, and the owner of alphalete athletics. he says ghost is one of the only genuine organic supplement brands he has come across.\r\n<h2><b>ghost legend pre-workout claims<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/product-claims-e1522684051658.jpg\" alt=\"phion claims\" width=\"1000\" height=\"919\" \/>\r\n\r\nokay, let\u2019s take a good look at the ghost legend pre-workout marketing claims. this supplement is supposed to do the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>improve muscle pumps<\/li>\r\n \t<li>enhance focus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>increase energy levels<\/li>\r\n \t<li>boost workout performance<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nthat said, no supplement is perfect, so you should expect some ghost legend pre-workout pros and cons.\r\n\r\nthe truth is we need to look at all aspects of this fitness product to determine better if it can deliver the results is claims.\r\n<h2><b>ghost legend pre-workout ingredients <\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/ingredients-general-use.png\" alt=\"fitteam lean ingredients\" width=\"993\" height=\"347\" \/>\r\n\r\nin 2021, ghost released the legend v2 with an updated ingredients. here are the following changes in the ghost legend ingredients:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>removed agmatine sulfate (500mg) and norvaline (100mg).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>added nitrosigine (nutrition21) and senactiv (nuliv science).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nhere are some changes made to the smart energy ingredients:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>increased caffeine content to 250mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>replaced both caffeine anhydrous and dicaffeine malate with natural caffeine from coffee beans.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>added l-tyrosine and astragin (a patented ingredient from nuliv science).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>increased theobromine from 50mg to 100mg.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>rhodiola, nadh, or olive leaf extract were removed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>taurine is still at 1,000mg.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>increased rauwolfia extract from 1mg to 1.5mg. (u.s. version). for the uk version, it has been replaced with neurofactor 100mg while for the australian and canadian version it was replaced with bitter orange extract 60mg.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nthe ghost legend v2 serving size is now 2 scoops(16g) from 1 scoop(12g).\r\n\r\nnow for a closer look at those ghost pre-workout v2 ingredients.\r\n\r\n<strong>ghost legend ingredients<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>l-citrulline (vegan fermented): 4000mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>beta-alanine: 3200 mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>nitrosigine (inositol stabilized arginine silicate): 1500 mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>senactiv (panax notoginseng (root) and rosa roxburghii (fruit)) extracts: 50 mg<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>ghost smart energy ingredients<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>l-tyrosine: 1000 mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>taurine: 1000 mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>alpha-gpc (alpha-glyceryl phosphoryl choline 50%): 300 mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>natural caffeine (from coffee (coffee spp.) bean): 250 mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>theobromine: 100 mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>astragin (astragalus membranaceus and panax notoginseng) root extracts: 50 mg<\/li>\r\n \t<li>rauwolfia (rauwolfia vomitoria) root extract: 1.5 mg<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>l-citrulline (4,000mg)<\/h3>\r\na non-essential amino acid found in foods such as garbanzo beans, garlic, watermelon, almonds, red meat, and dark chocolate. the body converts this amino acid into l-arginine (in the kidneys), another amino acid. it is often taken to improve blood flow and treat symptoms of erectile dysfunction.\r\n<h3>rauwolfia root (1mg)<\/h3>\r\nalso called indian snakeroot, this flower is native to india and indonesia. it is often used in traditional medicine and certain mental conditions, according to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc4566472\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>integrative medicine: a clinician's journal<\/em><\/a>.\r\n<h3>nadh 10% (2.5mg)<\/h3>\r\nalso called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, this is a chemical that occurs naturally in the body. it is important for making energy, and some studies have shown that it may help reduce mental decline.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/olive-leaf-extract.jpg\" alt=\"leptin shred ingredients\" width=\"960\" height=\"630\" \/>\r\n<h3>norvaline (100mg)<\/h3>\r\nalso called l-norvaline, this is an amino acid and isomer, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/norvaline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pubchem<\/a> says. it helps by elevating the body\u2019s nitric oxide production, which in turn improves blood flow to muscles and may help with muscle pumps and more intense workouts. it may also help boost strength, stamina, and endurance levels.\r\n<h3>caffeine anhydrous (165mg)<\/h3>\r\na dry or powder form of caffeine that is often more potent than regular caffeine, livestrong states. it is a stimulant that impacts the central nervous system, and elevates energy levels, improves focus\/concentration, reduces fatigue and may help increase exercise performance, according to the\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc4595305\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">journal of the international society of sports nutrition<\/a><\/em>. it is commonly found in fitness supplements and over-the-counter diet products. dr. anthony dugarte claims, \"caffeinated beverages are commonplace in today\u2019s world. adding another stimulant to your day can be harmful. seek advice from a physician prior to initiating these types of products.\"\r\n<h3>theobromine (50mg)<\/h3>\r\na xanthine alkaloid that is taken from the cacao plant. therefore it is commonly found in chocolate and cocoa. similar to caffeine, it has stimulant effects, so it impacts the central nervous system. it has been shown to help boost alertness and reduce fatigue, according to <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc4335269\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">frontiers in pharmacology.<\/a><\/em>\r\n<h3>taurine (1,000mg)<\/h3>\r\nan amino acid and a building block of protein that is often found in energy drinks and various fitness supplements. you can also get it from foods such as chicken, shellfish, turkey, and certain dairy products. some research in\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc2586397\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">experimental &amp; clinical cardiology<\/a><\/em> has revealed that it may help improve cardiovascular health.\r\n<h3>dicaffeine malate (50mg)<\/h3>\r\na combination of malic acid and caffeine, which has stimulant properties, and may help boost focus, metabolism and energy levels.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive alignnone\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/brain-health.png\" alt=\"graphic depicting a brain as a bodybuilder lifting a barbell over it's head made of books\" width=\"1187\" height=\"990\" \/>\r\n<h3>alpha-gpc (150mg)<\/h3>\r\nalso called alpha-glycerophosphocholine, this is a chemical compound that is often used in nootropics and brain supplements, according to the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc4595381\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">journal of the international society of sports nutrition<\/a><\/em>. some research has shown that it may help increase acetylcholine, which is a chemical in the brain.\u00a0this may help enhance cognitive function and memory.\r\n<h3>rhodiola rosea root (50mg)<\/h3>\r\na flowering herb that is native to high-altitude, cold regions in asia and europe. it has been used over the years as a traditional medicine for headaches, and fatigue. research has suggested that it may help reduce stress levels. also, some studies have revealed that it may help reduce both mental and physical fatigue, states\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc3541197\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bmc comple<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc3541197\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mentary and alternative medicine<\/a><\/em>.\r\n<h2><b>does ghost legend pre-workout work?<\/b><\/h2>\r\nhow well this supplement works depends on its ingredient formula. so, let\u2019s hone in on what the research tells us.\r\n\r\nfirst off, this pre-workout powder contains l-citrulline and taurine, both of which\u00a0are amino acids that benefit the muscles. l-citrulline has also been shown to boost nitric oxide production, which helps with blood flow, claims the<em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18596308\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition<\/a><\/em>.\r\n\r\naccording to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28219059\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>complementary medicine research<\/em><\/a>, rhodiola rosea is proven to combat fatigue and boost cognition, helping with focus and maintaining energy levels.\r\n\r\nsome research in<em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1662399\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pharmacology biochemistry and behavior<\/a><\/em> has told us that alpha-gpc may help improve memory and cognition.\r\n\r\ntheobromine, dicaffeine malate, and caffeine anhydrous are all stimulants shown to boost energy, metabolism, focus, and alertness, claims\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25750625\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">frontiers in pharmacology<\/a>, <\/em>and the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc4595305\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">journal of the international society of sports nutrition<\/a>.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/man-woman-exercise.jpg\" alt=\"visalus 90 day challenge\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" \/>\r\n\r\naccording to the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9458885\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">american journal of physiology<\/a>,<\/em> norvaline has demonstrated positive effects on nitric oxide production, which may help with blood flow and muscle strength.\r\n\r\naccording to a study in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22060136\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">natural product research<\/a><\/em>, olive leaf provides antioxidants to help ward off harmful free radicals that cause oxidative stress.\r\n\r\nsome research has shown us that nadh may help improve mental function and elevate energy levels, according to the\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc103620\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">journal of bacteriology<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em>\r\n\r\ncarnosyn beta-alanine may help boost physical performance and reduce fatigue.\r\n\r\nalso, agmatine sulfate is proven to help boost cognitive health.\r\n<h2><b>ghost legend pre-workout benefits and results<\/b><\/h2>\r\nthe ghost legend pre-workout benefits include more intense workouts, higher energy levels, better focus, and bigger muscle pumps. but the question is \u2013 how fast will you see all of these benefits?\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/have-benefits-e1522179477341.png\" alt=\"the kind diet benefits\" width=\"1000\" height=\"809\" \/>\r\n\r\nwell, you should notice ghost legend pre-workout results, such as more energy and better focus right away. as for building more muscle and losing weight, this can take some time. as with any supplement, results will vary from user to user, and how often you workout will also play a part in the overall results you see.\r\n<h2><b>details on ghost legend pre-workout and weight loss <\/b><\/h2>\r\nwill ghost legend pre-workout focus formula help you shed a few pounds? well, this powder supplement does contain stimulants that can affect your metabolism. these include theobromine, dicaffeine malate, and caffeine anhydrous.\r\n\r\ntheobromine is essentially a mild diuretic and stimulant.\u00a0it can help suppress appetite and spark energy levels, which can potentially help with weight loss.\r\n\r\ncaffeine, when combined with regular exercise sessions, has been shown to help improve fat loss results, as stated in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7132651\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>medicine &amp; science in<\/em> sports<\/a><em> &amp; exercise.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/workout-results-e1522896221416.png\" alt=\"paleo diet\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" \/>\r\n\r\naccording to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16522916\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>american journal of sports nutrition<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0caffeine is also proven to help with appetite suppression and calorie burning, which can aid with weight reduction.\r\n<h2><b>how to use ghost legend pre-workout<\/b><\/h2>\r\nthe directions say to consume ghost legend pre-workout smart energy powder before your exercise sessions on training days.\r\n\r\nto use this product, you need to add 1-2 scoops of powder to 6-8 ounces of water or the beverage of your choice. be sure to mix\/stir well before drinking.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pre-workout-supplement.jpg\" alt=\"ghost legend pre-workout supplement\" width=\"1495\" height=\"998\" \/>\r\n\r\nalso, you are to use this product as part of a healthy diet and exercise program, and drink plenty of water.\r\n<h2><b>potential ghost legend pre-workout side effects<\/b><\/h2>\r\nany fitness, diet, or health supplement can cause some unwanted reactions. it just depends on how your body responds to the ingredients.\r\n\r\nhere is a look at the potential ghost legend pre-workout side effects that could occur:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>nervousness<\/li>\r\n \t<li>irritability<\/li>\r\n \t<li>rapid heartbeat<\/li>\r\n \t<li>sleeplessness<\/li>\r\n \t<li>nausea<\/li>\r\n \t<li>dizziness<\/li>\r\n \t<li>upset stomach<\/li>\r\n \t<li>headache<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nthese side effects may be related to certain substances found in ghost legend powder, such as caffeine, alpha-gpc, and rauwolfia root.\r\n\r\naccording to dr. anthony dugarte, \"caffeinated beverages are commonplace in today\u2019s world. adding another stimulant to your day can be harmful.\" it is vital to check with your physician before using this supplement.\r\n\r\nadditionally, if you are caffeine-sensitive, this product may not be for you.\r\n<h2><b>ghost legend pre-workout reviews <\/b><\/h2>\r\nwe did find some helpful ghost legend pre-workout reviews posted on the dealer website gnc. however, there are none posted on the official website.\r\n\r\naccording to gnc, this pre-workout supplement received 4.3 out of 5 stars from customers.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/reviews-2.jpg\" alt=\"lemonade diet reviews\" width=\"960\" height=\"601\" \/>\r\n\r\nwe encourage you to check out these user reviews to gain a better understanding of this fitness supplement and what actual customers have to say.\r\n<h2><b>ghost legend pre-workout product warnings<\/b><\/h2>\r\nthere are some ghost legend pre-workout product warnings listed on the label.\r\n\r\nit is important to read and understand these before using this supplement. here they are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>ghost legend pre-workout is only for healthy adults ages 18 and older.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>never exceed the recommended dosage of ghost legend pre-workout.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>if you are already taking a medication or prescription drug, you must consult a doctor before using ghost legend pre-workout.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>if you are already taking a different dietary supplement, you need to consult a doctor before using ghost legend powder.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>people with preexisting medical conditions must consult a licensed doctor before using ghost legend pre-workout.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>if you have a family history of any medical condition, you must consult a doctor before using ghost legend pre-workout powder.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>discontinue the use of ghost legend pre-workout immediately if you experience any adverse reactions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>women who are pregnant or nursing a child should not use ghost legend pre-workout.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>people who are sensitive to caffeine should not use ghost legend pre-workout.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>do not consume other sources of caffeine while using ghost legend pre-workout powder.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>discontinue use of ghost legend pre-workout 2 weeks before surgery.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>if you consume ghost legend pre-workout within 4 hours of bedtime, it may interrupt your sleep.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>the beta alanine in ghost legend pre-workout may cause a harmless tingling sensation that is only temporary.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>any ghost legend pre-workout lawsuits?<\/b><\/h2>\r\nwe did not find any lawsuits regarding ghost legend pre-workout powder.\r\n\r\nwhile there is some mention online of a ghost pre-workout recall, we did not find any evidence of an official memory for this supplement.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/lawsuits-filed.jpg\" alt=\"male extra lawsuits\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" \/>\r\n\r\nfurthermore, we did not find any ghost legend pre-workout scam reports from customers or users.\r\n<h2><b>where can you buy ghost legend pre-workout? <\/b><\/h2>\r\nyou can buy ghost legend pre-workout powder directly from the official ghost lifestyle website.\r\n\r\ngnc also offers this workout supplement online, but this does not mean it is available in all local gnc stores.\r\n\r\nif you need to contact ghost, here is their info:\r\n\r\nghost\r\n\r\n170 green valley parkway, suite 300,\r\n\r\nhenderson, nv 89012\r\n\r\nphone: 1.844.ghost.88, 1-844-446-7888\r\n\r\nemail: support@ghostlifestyle.com\r\n\r\nchat: https:\/\/www.ghostlifestyle.com\/pages\/contact-us\r\n<h2><b>ghost legend pre-workout price <\/b><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/whats-the-cost-price.jpg\" alt=\"chocolate diet cost\" width=\"960\" height=\"635\" \/>\r\n\r\nwhat about the ghost legend pre-workout cost? regardless of whether you purchase this supplement from the official website or gnc, the price is $44.99 per container. this is for 25 servings.\r\n<h3><b>ghost pre-workout vs. c4<\/b><\/h3>\r\nc4 is also a pre-workout supplement powder. it is made by cellucor, and like ghost legend pre-workout, it is for use before workouts. you simply add one scoop to 4-6 ounces of water and drink 20-30 minutes before training.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/weight-training-1-e1516594990111.jpeg\" alt=\"bpi whey workout with product\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" \/>\r\n\r\nas for the cellucor c4 claims, here they are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>explosive energy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>heightened focus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>increased endurance levels<\/li>\r\n \t<li>more intense muscle pumps<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nit is available in 6 different flavors and sells for $29.99 per container, 30 servings.\r\n\r\nhere is a closer look at the cellucor c4 ingredients:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>n-acetyl-l-tyrosine<\/li>\r\n \t<li>carnosyn beta-alanine<\/li>\r\n \t<li>theacrine<\/li>\r\n \t<li>velvet bean seed extract<\/li>\r\n \t<li>creatine nitrate (no3-t)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>arginine alpha ketoglutarate<\/li>\r\n \t<li>caffeine anhydrous<\/li>\r\n \t<li>vitamin b12<\/li>\r\n \t<li>folic acid<\/li>\r\n \t<li>vitamin b6<\/li>\r\n \t<li>niacin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>vitamin c<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nas you can see, it contains some of the same ingredients as ghost legend pre-workout and makes some of the same marketing claims.\r\n<h2><b>ghost legend pre-workout alternatives<\/b><\/h2>\r\nthere are some alternatives to ghost legend pre-workout powder available as well.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alternatives-possibility.jpg\" alt=\"titan blast alternatives\" width=\"960\" height=\"627\" \/>\r\n\r\nif you are interested in an alternative, consider a product that offers similar benefits and contains comparable ingredients.\r\n\r\nit is always helpful to read the actual ingredient label and gain a complete understanding of what the product does before you commit and make a purchase.\r\n\r\nyou should also be sure to check out customer comments and reviews.\r\n<h2>the bottom line on ghost legend pre-workout<\/h2>\r\ntaking your workout to the next level requires a supplement packing a punch. we like that ghost legend pre-workout seems to fit the bill. there's research backing the claims and supportive customer reviews showing it works.\r\n\r\nthe only concern relates to a few reviews citing lack of results, but that's not a deal breaker.\r\n\r\nif you\u2019d like to transform your body, there's a program out there that's caught our attention.\r\n\r\nwe've been through hundreds of programs and products this year, and the best we've found is called [promoted_product_link]. the app helps users learn about healthy living from experts, provides tailored meal plans and works with human coaching to maximize results.\r\n\r\nthe 2022足球世界杯德国队分组
 behind [promoted_product_name] shows confidence in the clinically-proven program by providing a [promoted_product_offer_link] - really nice touch.","post_title":"ghost legend pre-workout review","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ghost-legend-pre-workout-review","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-04-24 09:51:43","post_modified_gmt":"2023-04-24 13:51:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/?p=522028","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"5","filter":"raw"}}],"external_user_reviews":false,"ingredient_list":false,"related_by_brand":false,"related_by_ingredients":false,"is_medically_reviewed":false,"medically_reviewed_by":false,"q_and_a":[{"question":"what does the manufacturer claim about yeah buddy pre?","answer":"<p class=\"my-0.5\">ronnie coleman signature series claims this pre-workout provides extreme energy with no crash. it is supposed to feel clean, enhance performance, give laser focus, and endurance that lasts.<\/p>\n"},{"question":"does rc yeah buddy contain caffeine?","answer":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yeah, buddy! all joking aside, this pre-workout contains 420 mg of a sustained release caffeine blend per serving. it also provides other energy-stimulating ingredients like dynamine and teacrine, so you&#8217;ll only need one scoop to feel the energy boost.<\/span><\/p>\n"},{"question":"did mr. coleman write a ronnie coleman yeah buddy book?","answer":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yes, he did. &#8220;yeah buddy! my incredible story&#8221; was originally published on september 19, 2018. the book is autobiographical, with ronnie sharing his life from childhood to the present. it discusses his journey in bodybuilding and his eight mr. olympia competitions. you&#8217;ll also read about his personal life from working in fast food, the birth of his daughters, the rise of his brand, and his back problems.<\/span><\/p>\n"},{"question":"what does the ronnie coleman yeah buddy app do?","answer":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the ronnie coleman yeah buddy app is a free download for android or ios devices, but you&#8217;ll pay for microtransactions to unlock some features. it allows you to track health and nutrition data, with additional features like an augmented reality section. he&#8217;s integrated the entire product line into this app as well.<\/span><\/p>\n"},{"question":"why does ronnie coleman scream phrases like, \"yeah buddy\"?","answer":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mr. coleman has said in his<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nteos7bciiq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">youtube video<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the subject that the phrase developed after he finished off a good set. he would yell things to help psych himself up and for motivation. other catchphrases attributed to him are &#8220;light weight, baby&#8221; and &#8220;ain&#8217;t nothin&#8217; but a peanut!&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n"},{"question":"is yeah buddy good for weight loss?","answer":"<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;the yeah buddy meal replacement shake is a plant-based, low-calorie option that claims to help with weight loss and nutrition. while some people have reported positive results from using this product, it is important to note that individual results may vary. it is best to consult with a healthcare provider before beginning any diet or supplement regimen in order to ensure your safety and maximize the likelihood of success.&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:833,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;9&quot;:1,&quot;11&quot;:3,&quot;12&quot;:0}\">the yeah buddy meal replacement shake is a plant-based, low-calorie option that claims to help with weight loss and nutrition. while some people have reported positive results from using this product, it is important to note that individual results may vary. it is best to consult with a healthcare provider before beginning any diet or supplement regimen in order to ensure your safety and maximize the likelihood of success.<\/span><\/p>\n"},{"question":"what are the potential yeah buddy side effects?","answer":"<p>you\u2019re likely aware that any supplement can cause allergic reactions, drug interactions, or other side effects in some people. the side effects you will most likely experience (if any) using this supplement will be stimulant-related. caffeine side effects can include dependency, dehydration, dizziness, fast heart rate, headaches, difficulty sleeping, restlessness and shakiness.<\/p>\n"}],"related_by_type":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- this site is optimized with the yoast seo premium plugin v21.8 (yoast seo v21.8.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ronnie coleman yeah buddy review | does this pre rock your workout?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review | 8-time mr. olympia ronnie coleman offers a pre-workout supplement with 420mg of caffeine. review yeah buddy for yourself!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_us\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review | 8-time mr. olympia ronnie coleman offers a pre-workout supplement with 420mg of caffeine. review yeah buddy for yourself!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"dietspotlight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dietspotlight\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/internetwriter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-29t16:28:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-08t10:00:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-image.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"679\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"813\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"summer banks fns, spt\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@k33nwah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dietspotlight\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"summer banks fns, spt\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ yoast seo premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review | does this pre rock your workout?","description":"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review | 8-time mr. olympia ronnie coleman offers a pre-workout supplement with 420mg of caffeine. review yeah buddy for yourself!","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/","og_locale":"en_us","og_type":"article","og_title":"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review","og_description":"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review | 8-time mr. olympia ronnie coleman offers a pre-workout supplement with 420mg of caffeine. review yeah buddy for yourself!","og_url":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/","og_site_name":"dietspotlight","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dietspotlight\/","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/internetwriter","article_published_time":"2022-08-29t16:28:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-03-08t10:00:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":679,"height":813,"url":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-image.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"summer banks fns, spt","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@k33nwah","twitter_site":"@dietspotlight","twitter_misc":{"written by":"summer banks fns, spt","est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"webpage","@id":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/","url":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/","name":"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review | does this pre rock your workout?","ispartof":{"@id":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/#website"},"datepublished":"2022-08-29t16:28:48+00:00","datemodified":"2023-03-08t10:00:59+00:00","author":{"@id":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/94ed30471e1be6a2905cab7336431704"},"description":"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review | 8-time mr. olympia ronnie coleman offers a pre-workout supplement with 420mg of caffeine. review yeah buddy for yourself!","breadcrumb":{"@id":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/#breadcrumb"},"inlanguage":"en-us","potentialaction":[{"@type":"readaction","target":["\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/"]}]},{"@type":"breadcrumblist","@id":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/ronnie-coleman-yeah-buddy-review\/#breadcrumb","itemlistelement":[{"@type":"listitem","position":1,"name":"home","item":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/"},{"@type":"listitem","position":2,"name":"metabolism booster reviews","item":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/energy-boosters\/"},{"@type":"listitem","position":3,"name":"ronnie coleman yeah buddy review"}]},{"@type":"website","@id":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/#website","url":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/","name":"dietspotlight","description":"diet reviews at a glance","potentialaction":[{"@type":"searchaction","target":{"@type":"entrypoint","urltemplate":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inlanguage":"en-us"},{"@type":"person","@id":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/94ed30471e1be6a2905cab7336431704","name":"summer banks fns, spt","description":"summer banks has researched over 5000 weight-loss programs, pills, shakes and diet plans. previously, she managed 15 supplement brands, worked with professionals in the weight loss industry and completed coursework in nutrition at stanford university.","sameas":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/internetwriter","https:\/\/twitter.com\/k33nwah"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580321"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=580321"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580321\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/580322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=580321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=580321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.digitopmedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=580321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}